Good surgery decisions start with good questions — about the procedure, the risks, the recovery, and the cost. Here's a checklist to bring to your appointment.
You’re allowed to ask — about everything
Surgery is a major decision, and you have every right to understand it fully before saying yes. Clinicians expect questions; thoughtful ones often lead to better care. Bring this list (and a friend or family member to take notes).
About the procedure itself
- Why doA medical doctor — "MD" or "DO" — with four years of medical school plus a multi-year residency in a chosen field. I need this surgery, and what happens if I wait or don’t have it?
- Are there non-surgical options (like physical therapy, injections, or medication) I should try first?
- What exactly will be done, and how long does it take?
- How many of these procedures have you performed, and what are typical outcomes?
About risks and recovery
- What are the most common risks and complications?
- What is recovery realistically like — pain, time off work, physical therapy?
- What does success look like, and how will we measure it?
- What should I do to prepare (medications to stop, fasting, help at home)?
About where and who
- Where will the surgery be done — hospital, or an ambulatory surgery center (ASC)? ASCs are licensed centers for same-day surgery and are often less expensive than hospitals.
- Who else is involved (assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist), and are they in my insurance networkThe group of providers and facilities your plan contracts with. Staying in-network usually costs you less.?
About cost — ask before, not after
Cost is a legitimate part of an informed decision. Ask:
- What is the all-in estimated cost, including surgeon, facility, anesthesia, and follow-up?
- Is everyone involved in-networkProviders and facilities that have a contract with your plan, usually at lower negotiated prices.? (This helps avoid surprise billsWhen an out-of-network provider bills you for the difference between their charge and what your plan paid. The No Surprises Act limits this in many cases..)
- Can I get a Good Faith EstimateA written estimate of what care will cost if you do not use insurance. Providers must give one to self-pay patients on request. — a written cost estimate you’re entitled to for scheduled care, especially if uninsured or paying cash?
- Is a bundled or direct-contract price available? Some groups offer a single transparent price for the whole episode (see our bundled-pricing article).
After you ask
Take time to weigh the answers. Getting a second opinionAsking another qualified provider to review your diagnosis or treatment plan so you can make a more confident decision, especially before surgery or other major care. is normal and often encouraged for major surgery — a good surgeon won’t be offended.