Good surgery decisions start with good questions — about the procedure, the risks, the recovery, and the cost. Here's a checklist to bring to your appointment.
You’re allowed to ask — about everything
Surgery is a major decision, and you have every right to understand it fully before saying yes. Clinicians expect questions; thoughtful ones often lead to better care. Bring this list (and a friend or family member to take notes).
About the procedure itself
- Why doA medical doctor — "MD" or "DO" — with four years of medical school plus a multi-year residency in a chosen field. I need this surgery, and what happens if I wait or don’t have it?
- Are there non-surgical options (like physical therapy, injections, or medication) I should try first?
- What exactly will be done, and how long does it take?
- How many of these procedures have you performed, and what are typical outcomes?
About risks and recovery
- What are the most common risks and complications?
- What is recovery realistically like — pain, time off work, physical therapy?
- What does success look like, and how will we measure it?
- What should I do to prepare (medications to stop, fasting, help at home)?
About where and who
- Where will the surgery be done — hospital, or an ambulatory surgery center (ASC)? ASCs are licensed centers for same-day surgery and are often less expensive than hospitals.
- Who else is involved (assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist), and are they in my insurance networkThe group of providers and facilities your plan contracts with. Staying in-network usually costs you less.?
About cost — ask before, not after
Cost is a legitimate part of an informed decision. Ask:
- What is the all-in estimated cost, including surgeon, facility, anesthesia, and follow-up?
- Is everyone involved in-networkProvidersAnyone licensed to give you medical care — a physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant. Clinics use "provider" as a catch-all for whoever is caring for you. and facilities that have a contract with your plan, usually at lower negotiated prices.? (This helps avoid surprise billsWhen an out-of-networkProviders without a contract with your plan. Your costs are usually higher, and some plans do not cover them at all. provider bills you for the difference between their charge and what your plan paid. The No Surprises Act limits this in many cases..)
- Can I get a Good Faith EstimateA written estimate of what care will cost if you do not use insurance. Providers must give one to self-payPaying the provider directly instead of using insurance — often at a lower, upfront price, especially before you have met your deductible. patients on request. — a written cost estimate you’re entitled to for scheduled care, especially if uninsured or paying cash?
- Is a bundled or direct-contract price available? Some groups offer a single transparent price for the whole episode (see our bundled-pricing article).
After you ask
Take time to weigh the answers. Getting a second opinionAsking another qualified provider to review your diagnosis or treatment plan so you can make a more confident decision, especially before surgery or other major care. is normal and often encouraged for major surgery — a good surgeon won’t be offended.